Hurricane sandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tropical storm sandy - Essay Example a typical strategy alludes to a foundation set up by various states with a common contribution expert for the money and financial arrangement (Cohenen, 2012). In the course of recent decades there has been watched a creating significance in cash combinations and money related solidifications. This impression of trade districts goes back to the Mundell’s Optimum Currency Areas. He affirms that â€Å" if the world can be isolated into areas inside every one of which there is a factor versatility and between which there is factor idleness, at that point every one of these locales ought to have a different cash that vacillates comparative with all other currencies† (Mundell, 1961, pp.56). The portability of the sources of info should go about as the changing instrument if any area encounters unbalanced stun. Without these data sources, the abroad conversion scale flexibility isn't foreseen to execute the adjustment job allocated to it while the changing joblessness rates and swelling in the various zones would rule. There has been different financial associations in the different mainlands for example in Africa there has been the West African states who met up to share a typical CFA franc cash, there additionally has been the multilateral Monetary Area to utilize the South African Rand. In Europe, there has been the European Union who utilizes the Euro as the normal money. There are other money associations which have been proposed in different pieces of the world i.e the East African Corporation that is booked to launch by 2015, the West African Monetary Zone and the Gulf Corporation Council that is focused to begin inside 2013 to 2020. These associations over the various countries have been confronted with different difficulties and a large portion of them have slumped rendering a solitary money inconceivable inside the part states. A large portion of these associations additionally breakdown because of some topsy-turvy propensities and inclinations that the association brings to the various s tates where one nation might be supported than the other. Because of this

The Evolution Of The Microprocessor :: essays research papers fc

Just once in a blue moon will another innovation come to fruition to contact each perspective of our lives. Such a gadget, that changes the manner in which we work, live, and play is an exceptional one, in fact. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, yet in the last not many a long time it has changed the American mini-computers to video games and PCs (Givone 1). Numerous chip have been fabricated for a wide range of items; a few have succeeded and some have not. This paper will talk about the development and history of the most conspicuous 16 and 32 piece microchips in the microcomputer and how they are like and unique in relation to one another. Since chip are a subject that a great many people can't identify with and do not think a lot about, this passage will present a portion of the terms that will be in- volved in the resulting sections. All through the paper the 16-piece and 32-piece mi- croprocessors are investigated. The number 16 in the 16-piece microproces- sor alludes what number of registers there are or how much stockpiling is accessible for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microchip has a memory address, for example, A16, furthermore, at this location the particular orders to the microchip are put away in the memory of the PC (Aumiaux, 3). So with the 16-piece microchip there are 576 spots to store information. With the 32-piece chip there are twice the same number of spots to store information making the microchip quicker. Another basic term which is referenced much of the time in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors â€Å"clock† ticks. The oscillator is the pace producer for the chip which determines what recurrence the microchip can proc- ess data, this worth is estimated in Mega-hertz or MHz. A nanosecond is a estimation of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is utilized to quantify the time it takes for the PC to execute a guidelines, other shrewd knows as a cy- cle.      There are a wide range of kinds of organizations of which all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in the families were created over a genuinely extensive stretch of time, it is difficult to recognize which processors were presented in request. This paper will make reference to the groups of processors in no specific request. The first chip that will be examined is the group of microchips called the 9900 arrangement produced by Texas Instruments during the mid-70s and was created

Sir Lancelot Du Lake Essays - Holy Grail, Knights Of The Round Table

Sir Lancelot Du Lake Essays - Holy Grail, Knights Of The Round Table Sir Lancelot Du Lake Sir Lancelot du Lake Sir Lancelot du Lake was conceivably the boldest and most heroic knight on the planet. His fights were basically disproportionate, because of his outrageous aptitude. He was King Arthur's best knight. He was gutsy and inclined to falling into difficulty, which he generally came out of without a scratch. For what reason was Lancelot regarded so? In the last four sections, I will attempt to disclose this to my best capacity. For what reason did I say he was Arthur's best knight? Sir Lancelot was vowed to ensure Guenevere, King Arthur's significant other. At no time at all was he ever over come, aside from by either injustice or charm. His faith in himself was sufficient that he wouldn't let anybody yet the ruler push him around. Those that attempted to do the pushing typically ended up with their blood on Lancelot's blade. Another explanation he was the best knight at the Table Round, was on the grounds that he maintained the standards of valor and the brave custom. He had confidence in being respectable, and just. As I stated, Lancelot was audacious, and never turned down an undertaking. While out one day, he slept, and woke to discover his companion gone, and four sovereigns viewing him. This is one of only a handful barely any occasions Lancelot accomplished something without wanting to, and he did it just by charm. He was liberated by King Bagdemagus' little girl, on an arrangement that he would enable the King to win the up and coming competition. He helped win the competition by slaughtering alot of knights, or basically crushing them in fight. By doing this, he earned his opportunity. There are many motivation behind why's Lancelot was respected the manner in which he was. Lancelot battled for King Arthur, until his expulsion for his demonstrations with the Queen. He stayed faithful to Arthur, and returned, when Arthur was on his deathbed. He delievered Excaliber back to the lake from which it came, and passed on a message of pardoning and love to Guenevere, from Arthur. Lancelot was vanquished in fight just by Arthur, and just a single time, for they just battled once. His name was known to everybody, as the best knight in all the land. Lancelot had substantiated himself deserving of his title of the boldest and most respectable knight around, commonly, and presumably did, long after the tales had finished, in the event that they are valid. Lancelot has consistently been my preferred knight, since whatever year we did King Arthur in grade school. The points I have gone over are as honest as I can make them, and I trust they get me a passing mark. As I trust the focuses I have consumed upon further help my point, I realize that everybody knows Lancelot, wether they heard it from an animation, an English book, or a film, and that everybody recognizes what an extraordinary and courageous knight he was.

Sex Trafficking in the United States - Free Essay Example

Introduction Sex trafficking activity in America mainly occurs around the International travel hubs whereby; large number of immigrant gathers. It is an absurd story for the U.S Justice Department, giving estimates of individuals trafficked in the country annually rather; than solving the issue. Results show that young kids and teenagers are the core victims in sex trafficking whereby; they are always at risk every year. Further, it is an obvious that the trafficking business especially on women has become one of the largest developing criminal businesses globally. According to the United Nations reports, over 3 million innocent souls are trades against their will, to work in form of servitude (Christensen, Erika Jude 56- 93). I tend to wonder whether the activity is legalized since, it happens each day in United States at alarming rates. Human beings are therefore sold for many different reasons which includes; sex exploitation as well as forced into pornography business. Does the sex trafficking commerce go unnoticed in America? It is a difficult question to answer considering that the criminal business takes place every single day. However, Alverez suggests that the law has struggled with the issue and, it has not been easy to solve since many cases goes unreported. She further writes in her article that people trafficked fears reporting since, they assumes that they are the criminals (Priscil la 1). I find the argument unreliable because, many victims are forced into the business thus; the law must act in protecting them rather than pointing figures on them. Yes, United States has the largest number of victims in sex trafficking business whereby, over 80 percent of both women and children are exploited every year (Higgins, Jeff Christopher 56-102). Body In my position, the government should take trafficking business serious, by prohibiting it as well as implicating punishment acts over such exploitations. The Human Right department seems to be more concerned with the statistics of individuals at risk annually rather; than putting more emphasis on solutions to eradicating it. However, many victims in the business are engaged to false pretense whereby; most of them are the immigrants Young girls come to the country due to political instability in their nation (Priscilla 1). Additionally, the U.S department is not doing enough in eliminating this act because, research indicates that it is the enticing destination globally, mostly for young poor girls from other countries. It is a higher responsibility for the federal government to take serious attention on sex commercial business, especially by saving young girls who are enticed into this activity by eagle men. Research shows apart from the kidnapping incidents, many individuals g ets in sex commercial business over desperation of poverty. Further, it is a federal role to act over poverty issues as well as education in various areas such as; Chicago, Dallas as well as New Yolk where the illegal business is easily practiced (Christensen, Erika Jude 41). I find it unfair for the harbor laws aimed at protecting minority, taking actions over blaming the victims especially adults thus; implicating fear on them by making them feel like criminals. However, it is obvious that many in the business are not in a position to seeking help from the authority because; recruiters make them feel as the criminals in the activity Victims of this criminal acts feels the shame of reporting the incident. Additionally, the criminal act goes unnoticed by the law since there are fewer reports as compared to statistics of trafficking annually (Priscilla 1). Sex trafficking thereby; becomes a powerful play where violation silences victims over their own life. Sex trafficking indust ry creates a new life for both girls as well as women whereby; it becomes difficult for them to escape. As the fastest growing form of commerce in United States, sex trade is unique as compared to drugs because victims are able to make higher profits for traffickers severally. However, they are highly exposed into adverse harsh conditions over their health that, possibly affects their physical, mental as well as emotional fitness. Further, I find the sex business as the major cause of higher increase rates of sexual transmitted disorders in the States which are known to be prevalent. With such results it is obvious that sex trafficking victims are tortured as well as abused thus, it should be an essential obligations for healthcare providers, to perform screening activities on young girls and women. Individuals health is an important aspect for the government in every nation thereby; despite the difficulties faced in finding solutions to ending sex trafficking, it is important in pr oviding public health care for both girls and women. Naha A Deshpandes article is right while implicating on how victims of sex business, are in critical situation of trauma as a result of mental as well as emotional abuse. Note that sex trafficking involves physical abuse thus; it is genuine for victims to suffer various injuries such as concussions. Despite the Senate holding Back-page site as the largest platform for sex trafficking advertisement in 2016, records from National Center for Missing Children indicated an increased number in the trafficking business (Nahe Nawal 1). However, it has not been easy in solving this issue whereby; the advanced social media such as Snap-chat, vine as well as Kik have become a better place for traffickers to lure desperate as well as determined ladies. According to the Atlantic journal, there was a confession over seventeen year old girl, who was tempted into the sex business via Face-book where she found it hard to escape, After high sch ool I connected with the gentleman who introduced me into the business. Despite the young girl having a better life with her family, she ended up ruined, toured and shameless (Priscilla 1). However, I would urge parent to protect their children through prayers as well as monitoring their every move; especially on their friends in social media. Conclusion In conclusion, I will answer the question yes, the Sex Trafficking activity have gone unnoticed in America, probably because victims are silenced thus; no reports over the incidents. However, it is difficult in identifying traffickers, despite the State order of their prosecution. The U.S Justice Department; giving estimates to individuals trafficked in the country annually rather; than solving the issue. Results show that young children and women are the core victims in sex trafficking whereby; they are always at risk every year. Further, the law must take serious action over the issue before it is too late, by promising victims full protection over pimps. Sex commercial is a multifaceted threat which requires an inclusive loom, which includes prosecution of the crime offenders as well as protection measures over the abducted individuals. Further, the U.S department is not doing enough in eradicating the act because, research indicates that it is the enticing destination globally, mostly for young poor girls from other countries (Nichols 35). It is a higher responsibility for the federal government to take serious attention on sex commercial business, especially by saving young girls who are enticed into this activity by eagle men. Work Cited Christensen, Erika E, and Jude M. Antonyappan.? Sex Trafficking Victims and Offenders in the United States: A Descriptive Study. , 2012. Print. Higgins, Jeff V, and Christopher M. Brady.? Child Sex Trafficking in the United States. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012. Print. Nichols, Andrea J.? Sex Trafficking in the United States: Theory, Research, Policy, and Practice. , 2016. Print. Nahe A Deshpande, BA and Nawal M Nour, MD, MPH. Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls. Journalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651545/ Priscilla Alvarez. When Sex Trafficking Goes Unnoticed in America. , Feb 2016 The Atlantica Journal. Print https://www.theatlantic.com/sex-trafficking-goes-unnoticed-in-america/470166/

The Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald - 906 Words

In this day and age, money is such an important asset to have. One needs money to take care of them self and live on this earth. In the Great Gatsby, by Thomas F. Fitzgerald, having a large sum of money just isn’t enough. In this novel, money symbolizes a social evil and it corrupts people with wealth and ultimately destroys their life. Desire is an unavoidable instinct of human nature. This instinctive behavior will continue whether or not the person fulfills their initial desire. Our desires are proportionate to the possessions we own and accumulate over time. In the Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby follows his dreams of becoming wealthy and succeeds. He is able to buy anything money can buy. His desire of Daisy causes him to spend tremendous†¦show more content†¦Tom is a prime example of an East Egger who has inherited quite a lot of â€Å"old† money. Gatsby is a West Egger who by bootlegging and doing favors for others acquired â€Å"new† money. During the 1 920s, the conservative â€Å"old rich† despised the â€Å"new rich†. The â€Å"new rich† enjoys displaying their wealth in grand ways that the conservative didn’t approve of. Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy and achieves this and hopes to win Daisy over with this â€Å"new money†. Gatsby has an obsession with the past and believes he can achieve what he had with Daisy five years with his wealth. Obviously this isn’t possible to do and Nick tries to tell him this plenty of times but Gatsby chooses not to listen. He owns a huge mansion but is the only person living in it with a few servants as well. Gatsby uses the house attempting to win happiness and respect from others. He tries to buy his happiness with over the top parties he throws at his home every weekend. The expensive items he buys aren’t just for his happiness but something to lure Daisy to him. His house happens to be across from Daisy’s. Her house is only visible a t night by a green light at the end of her dock. The green light symbolizes Jay’s attempt to recreate the past love for Daisy. After Gatsby and Daisy reunite it is extremely awkward but they hit it off and he invites her to his place so he can impress her with his wealth and expenses. Daisy is very fascinated by his wealth and possessions and they have an

Effective Tactics to Reduce Juvenile School Shootings Essay

When it comes to violent crimes, specifically murders and homicides, the American society tends to react in a sense that justice should be brought to the victim(s) by giving extensive punishment to the offender(s); this is assuming adults are the players of these specific violent crimes. However, if the tables are turned to juveniles, specifically involving schools, the reactions seem to change. Rather than feeling little empathy while depending on the justice system to carry out decisions expected by society, the American society tends to have more remorse and empathy while examining ways to help prevent these crimes, as well as depending on the justice system. The taking of lives of children by other children creates a different†¦show more content†¦This also demonstrates the failure of school security and the lack of restrictions limiting juveniles’ access to firearms in society. The sources from which juvenile gun violence is thriving must be targeted. The huge increases in juvenile homicides and suicides between 1987 and 1993 were due largely to easier access by juveniles to firearms (Redding Shalf 2001). As a general conclusion, the risk of crime, delinquency, and violent behavior is greater in inner-cities as opposed to suburban and rural areas. An evaluation of school violence and gun possession in these areas is important to understand in order to draw significant solutions. According to Redding and Shalf (2001), inner-city youth most often carry guns to school because they are scared. Surveying students in ten inner-city high schools in four states, they found that 15% of the high school students surveyed owned a gun; 70% of them reported doing so for protection. Twenty-eight percent of students surveyed bought a handgun because they felt their â€Å"enemies† had guns; only 13% of the students bought a gun â€Å"to get someone†; and twenty percent reported having been threatened with a gun. These statisti cs draw upon the conclusion that students bring a gun for their own protection; however, this does not assume that the students will not use the gun in a violent manner. Twenty-eight percent of the students agreed that it is â€Å"okay to shoot someone whoShow MoreRelatedChild Co Workers : An Overview1259 Words   |  6 PagesJuveniles have been making the choice to involve them in criminal activity in society. Many factors that cause for this behavior are low self-esteem, hanging with the wrong crowd, peer pressure, and bad role models. There are programs that help youth changes the way they think and help them make the right choices. These programs are also designed to help with the rate of juvenile activity. The types of services and programs that are to the youth and families help with the changes being made. TheRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Serious Concern For Many Law Enforcement Agencies Essay2260 Words   |  10 Pages1975). Juveniles are the perfect targets to be r ecruited by gangs according to the National Gang Intelligence Center (2011). This is due to a variety of factors, many of which include the youths’ vulnerability and susceptibility to being recruited, their aggressiveness, and the less severe sentences juveniles are likely to face if caught. Understanding youth gang involvement is especially important in the field of juvenile delinquency because a significant percentage of serious juvenile delinquencyRead MoreYouth Gangs2071 Words   |  9 Pagesgang members became influenced by more options by way of mobility and easy connections to more lethal weapons which made them more dangerous on the streets. Instead of fighting young gangs were now performing drive by shootings, a tactic that was taken from walking up on someone, shooting them, and then running. Gangs of the 1980’s and 1990’s seem to have more and more younger members, but also more older members than before. 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McDonald (1988a:309) even states that the RIAA agreed to the voluntary label only because of a threat of legal action by the PMRC. Other legal scholars have even gone further in asserting the effective ties between private and public action in the case of the PMRC’s proposals. Given the general condemnatory atmosphere and the marital affiliation of PMRC affiliates with high-ranking Senators, it is argued that the Senate debates were not neutral

An Examination of Southern Dialect Essay Example For Students

An Examination of Southern Dialect Essay In the writings of William Faulkner, the reader may sense that the author has created an entire world, which directly reflects his own personal experience. Faulkner writes about the area in and around Mississippi, where he is from, during the post-Civil War period. It is most frequently Northern Mississippi that Faulkner uses for his literary territory, changing Oxford to Jefferson and Lafayette County to Yoknapatawpha County, because it is here that he lived most of his life and wrote of the people he knew. Faulkners stories focus on the Southeastern United States at a time period when old traditions began to clash with new ideals. This is an era in American history with which most people can quickly identify, whether they are Southern or not. The South in Faulkners works are complete with all the expected features: an agricultural society, Southern belles and gentlemen, racial tensions, and especially the common characteristics of Southern speech. Faulkner strays from the normal customs of Northern literature to present a realistic portrait of the South that he grew up in. In doing so, he comes up with an excellent sample of the Southern language, including linguistic qualities of both black and white speech. Faulkner establishes a unique literary voice which is recognizable due to variances from standard English in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammatical form, while juxtaposing speech elements foreign to anyone not familiar with Southern heritage. The works of William Faulkner succeed in creating a literary dialect which is relatively consistent throughout all of his stories. A literary dialect is best defined as an authors attempt to represent in writing a speech that is restricted regionally, socially, or both Ives 146. In Faulkners writing, this can be described by such traits as an intentional misspelling, like marster for master, or in the use of Miss along with the given first name of a female, as in Miss Corrie. These, amongst countless other examples, are distinctly Southern speech traditions. Anyone not from the South may need explanations of much of Faulkners pronunciations, words, usages, and language customs which the author himself takes for granted. Because Faulkner has employed such a vast and complex Southern dialect in his stories, the language he uses has become a microcosm of Southern language as a whole. As one critic has noted, local forms of speech maintain ones individual dignity in a homogenizing world Burkett vii. In Faulkner, this local speech is a mixture of Southern American and Negro dialogue with all the folklore from Virginia to Louisiana, Florida to Texas Brown 2. Faulkners dialect is effective both as a literary device and as a link between the American English language and American culture and history, specifically in the Southeast. The South is probably the most linguistically diversified part of the nation. Blacks and whites from Atlanta to Charleston to Nashville speak a different form of standard English in a different version of the Southern accent. Part of this linguistic diversity is reflected in the way that the Southern  aristocracy can shift not only vocabulary and pronunciation, but even grammar, according to the audience 1McDavid 219. This technique is very much alive in Faulkners work. For example, in The Reivers, the upper-class grandfather character Boss is an educated man of high social standing in the community. Yet, when he is in the company of only his grandson Lucius, as part of a lecture, he says the safe things aint always the best things 2Faulkner 117. Throughout the book, Bosss speech moves from the formal to the informal, largely depending on the intimacy he feels with the person or persons to whom he is speaking. Such a case illustrates that Faulkner is well aware of the prestige norms that exist in Southern speech, and he takes advantage of this knowledge. As Feagin points out, in the Southeast, the way in which nonstandard English is employed demonstrates a symbol of intimacy and local loyalty, as well as a gauge of the level of integration into a close-knit network Feagin 222. Faulkners characters reveal a tendency to speak in a slang-like or non-prescriptive grammar when they converse with other characters that they know well, often apparent in the form of jokes and metaphorical language. Similarly to the aristocratic speaker, the less educated Southern speaker often attempts to improve his or her speech when in a formal setting. McDavid asserts that the common way to do so is by using bigger words and longer sentences, sometimes resulting in the ridiculous 2McDavid 265. A good example of such in Faulkner occurs in As I Lay Dying when Anse, a rural, farming man, attempts to sound eloquent at a time of utmost solemnity. During a funeral speech, Anse states the following: The somebody you was young with and you growed old in her and she growed old in you, seeing the old coming on and it was the one somebody you could hear say it dont matter and know it was the truth outen the hard world and all a mans grief and trials 1Faulkner 511. It is obvious that Anse intends to speak formally in this situation, thus Faulkner follows McDavids rule of Southern speech about the elongation of sentences and its irregular result. This passage is successful in two ways. First, it reveals a realistic trait common in the Southeast, reflecting the solidarity norm based on local non-standard speech Feagin 219. Second, it serves as a very powerful literary technique because the oration captures the high level of sincerity in the speaking character. Writing and the Holocaust EssaySome important questions arise when examining the language of Faulkner or any similarly dialect-oriented author. These questions surround the actual nature of a dialect, and the way in which it is manifested by the writer on to the page. Dialects are patterns of communication by which all people in an exclusive region recognize. People, even without a written language, understand these speech conventions, or patterns to which actual noises conform even though they may not be systematically analyzed and recorded in a grammar Ives 150. A group of people who speaks a dialect will commonly have uniform variations from other dialects that are noticeable by people outside their speaking class, as in the differences between black and white Southern English. A writer like Faulkner, then, presents a very special affinity with his own dialect because he writes in it without having to rely on research or background study. His storytelling language is pure, when he needs something, he searches the lumber room of his head for something to serve his purpose Brown 4. The literary dialect in the works of William Faulkner is almost a carbon-copy of the Southern dialect he truly speaks. Moreover, although Faulkner is not commonly regarded as a great historian, his  writing reveals a great deal of Southern history and culture.Though probably not all of these accounts are entirely accurate, it is quite possible that Faulkners descriptions of historical events alight directly from his own experience with the Southern tradition of oral storytelling. Faulkners representation of Southern speech in his writing, follows the actual linguistic parameters of the Southern Lowland dialect very closely, or Southern Proper by Raven McDavids classification. Faulkner makes a strong effort to display the various facets of this dialect even though many of them cannot really be sensed through writing alone. For instance, the only true aspects of language that are excluded in writing are facial and bodily expressions accompanying speech, pauses and changes in pitch or volume, and speed of articulation. Generally speaking, however, these features are secondary in comparison with pronunciation, grammar, and word usage. Faulkners literary dialect is consistent with several of the prevailing trends of Southern speech. For one, it supports the theory of Southern language diversity due to the fact that Faulkners is a distinctly Southern dialect, yet has many differences from other Southern dialects, including the use of phrases like trade days days set aside for auctioning only used in the immediate area Brown 202. Also, Faulkners writing presents the large quantity of archaic and folk utterances in the Negro dialect, which are the result of years of insufficient educational opportunity. One other trait of Faulkners language that is common to the popular conception of Southern dialects is the occasional loss of postvocalic /r/, as in the words baun for born, and bastud for bastard. These words, along with dozens of others appearing in many of Faulkners stories. Faulkner, quite simply, delineates a place rich in the tradition and pride of the average Southerner. Consequently, the speech in his text also carries some of the stigmas attached to Southern life itself. First and foremost of these blemishes is the pervading tone of racism, automated by the appearance of the word nigger in practically all of Faulkners works. Although the word does represent the authenticity of Faulkners dialect, it will always carry with it an arresting level of shame and disgrace. The feeling of racism is perpetuated by the fact that most of the Negro speech in Faulkner is slightly less standard than white speech, giving it a hint of inferiority. Although Faulkner explores the issue of racism with an open mind and even attempts to repudiate some of the negative connotations associated with blacks, his genuine Southern tongue cannot completely detach from the very real evils of racial injustice in Southern American history. Finally, the dialect in these stories, in all of its originality, continues to uphold the popular belief that Southern English is, in many instances, bad English employed by less intelligent speakers. This setback is mainly attributable in Faulkners writing to the double negatives, use of aint, and use of third person dont. Contrary to these negative opinions however, most of the cases of bad grammar  here are actually remnants of archaic proper English rather than unintelligent corruptions of modern English. Thus Faulkners storytelling dialect creates a lasting impression of his Southern world, encompassing both the common and unique, the positive and the negative. In demonstrating his ability to author such a realistic, yet original world, drawing on his own natural dialect, Faulkner insists that life is narrative, based on the preeminence of language in our lives Lockyer xii.

Strategic Audit Ford Essay Example

Strategic Audit Ford Paper contents 1. 0 Introduction3 2. 0 Strategic Issues of Ford4 3. 0 The External Environment5 3. 1 PESTEL Analysis5 3. 1. 1 Political Environment5 3. 1. 2 Economic Environment6 3. 1. 3 Social Environment7 3. 1. 4 Technological Environment7 3. 1. 5 Natural environment8 3. 1. 6 Legal Environment8 3. 2 The Industry Porters’ Five Model9 3. 2. 1 Buyer’s Power Moderate9 3. 2. 2 Suppliers’ Power Low10 3. 2. 3 Threat of New Entrants Low11 3. 2. 4 Threat of Substitutes – Slightly Moderate11 3. 2. 5 Industry Rivalry High12 4. 0 The Internal Environment13 4. The Value Chain Analysis13 4. 1. 1 Primary activities13 4. 1. 2 Secondary activities14 4. 2 Analysis of Ford’s Core Competencies16 5. 0 Strategy Formulation19 6. 0 List of Strategies19 6. 1 Financial Restructuring of Ford20 6. 2 Resource-based value20 6. 3 Retrenchment Strategy21 6. 4 Product differentiation21 7. 0 Recommendation and Evaluation23 8. 0 Conclusion23 9. 0 Appendix24 9. 1 SWOT Analysis24 9. 2 TOWS Matrix25 10. 0 Reference List28 1. 0 Introduction Ford Motor Company was incorporated as a company in the year 1906. The founder of the company was Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company was the first company to make use of assembly lines for the production of cars. Currently, Ford is the fourth largest car manufacturer in the world. In the year 2008, its global production of automobiles was approximately five million (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). However, due to the automotive crisis in the year 2008-2010, Ford has experienced a critical situation. Therefore, in this report we explain the competitive position of Ford in the Australian and International Motor Vehicle Industry. Moreover, we have analysed the costs the company has been incurring. From this analysis, we provide our recommendation where Ford can cut it cost or it should financially restructure itself. Furthermore, we explain the reasons why Ford has been losing its market share and what should be done to reverse the situation. In order to analyse the situation of Ford Motor Company, we have used different analytical tools. For the external analysis, we have used PESTEL Analysis and Industry Porters’ Five Model. To have a more in-depth analysis of Ford’s internal environment, we analysed its core competencies and we make use of the value chain analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Audit Ford specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Audit Ford specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Audit Ford specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other analytical tools that were used are the SWOT Analysis and the TOWS Matrix. 2. 0 Strategic Issues of Ford Ford Motor Company is a global automotive industry, which is based in Dearborn, Michigan. The company manufactures and distributes automobiles in six different continents across the world. It currently employs approximately 180, 000 workers and it has 90 plants in different regions of the world. The company brands include Lincoln, Ford, and Mercury(Ref). Ford Motors Company bought many other car manufacturers in the past for example, Volvo, Aston Martin and Jaguar. In the process Ford was so proud to show off all the prestigious brands it own that it forget to concentrate on Ford itself. In the long wrong due to poor management and bad decision making Ford vehicles demand started to drop. Recently, the company had to lay off 40% of its workforce to cut manufacturing costs. At the same time the costs of materials needed to manufacture cars such as steel have been increasing globally affecting the cost to produce vehicles. Moreover, Ford has been losing its market shares as compared to other automobile companies such as Toyota. The loss of market shares can also be attributed to raising fuel prices. Additionally, another problem that Ford Motor Company is facing is the highly layered organizational structure, which makes decision making bureaucratic and a much longer process. Another strategic issues found is that Ford build to many variant of the same model, for example the Ford Mondeo of America is not the same as that in Australia or England. This further raised the price of the car as each variant needed research and development cost for the same model. 3. 0 The External Environment In this section of the report, we scan the external environment by using analytical tools like the PESTEL Analysis and the Industry’s Porters Five Model. . 1 PESTEL Analysis In this section we analyse the political, economical, social, technological, natural and legal environment of Ford Motor Company. 3. 1. 1 Political Environment The government of Australia is encouraging the buying of more â€Å"greener† vehicle. According to the Australian government choosing a greener car can h ave a direct financial benefit as well as helping to conserve the environment for all Australians and future generations. Buying a vehicle that is more fuel efficient can save thousands of dollars on fuel bills and many tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions over the vehicles life (Greener Vehicle Guide 2010). This political incentive is directly link to Focus on introducing the new environmentally-friendly technology engine for the Falcon, a bestselling car in the territory and the country. The Australian Transport Councils National Road Safety Strategy (NRSS) for 2001-2010 aimed to save 700 lives per year by 2010 (40%) and  3600 lives over the period. In 2001, 1736 people were killed. In 2009/10, this figure was  1424, making for an 18 percent reduction (â€Å"ANCAP Calling On Australian Political 2010). It is estimated that almost 25% of person could be save with safe cars. The government could in the future start a new more severe rating system for cars which will influence customer awareness before buying a vehicle thus have direct impact on demand for cars in Australia. Better rated car will have a competitive advantage compare to those car which are poorly rated. Stolen car is becoming an issue in Australia A workable and cost effective system of vehicle identification plates, combined with a national register of stolen vehicles, should make it more difficult for professional thieves to ‘re-birth a stolen car. The mandated use of immobilizer technology, steering wheel locks and vehicle alarms is also expected to reduce the incidence of car theft in Australia (Parker 2010). Finally, the labor government promise on cleaner car debate campaign that would see rebates given for the trade-in of old cars in favour of new and greener vehicles. With the ultimate aim of getting around 200,000 old vehicles off the nations roads, the program will offer a $2000 rebate on cars built before 1995 (â€Å"Gillard Government to Give $2000† 2010). 3. 1. 2 Economic Environment Analyzing the car industry it is important to have a global view of the economy. Australia is forecast to grow again at 2. 75 per cent in 2008-09 which is above the average growth rate of members of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) of 2. 2 per cent (Australia in Brief 2008). AUSTRALIAS economy grew by nearly one per cent in final three months of 2009, after government stimulus helped it shrug off the worst of the global financial crisis, economists say. But the pace set by the economy could leave borrowers with higher interest rates by the end of 2010 (Lunn 2011). Australia is one of a few countries that have the facilities to design and produce a car from clean sheet to dealer sale. In 2008 Australia produced 171,432 vehicles for domestic sale. Australia is best known for designing and producing large sized passenger vehicles, which has seen a recent downturn in Australian markets resulting in many cutbacks including the February 2008 closure of Mitsubishi Motor plant in the country. It can be said the situation is going from bad to worse, new vehicle sales fell 3. % in Australia in 2008 to 1,012,164 units, but most worrying for the industry was the sharp 11. 3% fall in sales in December, despite dealers offering sharp discounts to attract buyers. Sales of cars produced by local manufactures slumped by 14. 5% last year. The Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries expects vehicle sales to fall by 12. 5% in 2009, with total sales forecast to be 880,000 units (â€Å"Midas Australia’s collapse adds to car industry chaos† 2009). The impact of the automobile industry on the U. S. economy is huge. According to the University of Michigan and the Center or Automotive Research, the automobile industry is the main user of computer chips, textiles, aluminum, copper, steel, iron, lead, plastics, vinyl and rubber (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). 3. 1. 3 Social Environment Ford did not operate in isolation of society but form thus it is of importance that managers pays more attention to social element of the environment. The size and age of population associated with their standard of living plays an important role in the design of car. (Gabriel 2004, 19). Additionally, today’s society judges people on the type of car they drive. Although members of the society do not want to admit it, it is very true. Manufacturers know this and they target their market by these thoughts. Anyone having a luxury or nice car is thought to be wealthy. Conversely, those driving unattractive piece of junk are perceived as people from low social status. Consumers also like better cars because this makes them feel proud about themselves (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). 3. 1. 4 Technological Environment Internet has made the industry more efficient and less costly. U. S manufacturers; Ford, GM and Daimler Chrysler, all opted for a global online exchange for their suppliers and equipment manufactures according to their plans for 2000. In August 2002, GM was set to start sending requests for quotes to suppliers through Covisint using a tool called â€Å"Quote Manager† (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). 3. 1. 5 Natural environment The natural environment factor have bring increasingly important in the macro environment of almost all type of company irrespective of the business they are engaged with. The carbon footprint is now consider because they are aware of its impact on global warning. The customers now have increasing expectation over the company product performance over the natural environment but also the overall impact of the company on the natural environment. Ford provided a world premier for three new electrified products: the new Focus Electric, Fords first full-electric passenger car; the Ford C-Max Energi, the companys first plug-in hybrid electric; and the new Ford C-Max Hybrid. The C-Max is a seven-passenger, multi-activity vehicle with a hands-free liftgate, and a new version of what is already in use in Europe (Pearson 2011). There are basically two type of company tend to cope for natural environmental needs those who seek to comply with regulation and those who go above the regulation which ford is by providing electrified motor vehicles and hybrid engine to reduce the carbon footprint. 3. 1. 6 Legal Environment Legal conditions are often closely related to political condition. Legal conditions are often the result of political decision (Grant et al. 2011, 103). Since 1960’s, laws and regulations have had major impacts on the automotive industry. These regulations were mainly from consumers’ concern for the environment and safer automobiles. In 1966, the national Traffic and Motor vehicle Safety Act was the first safety act passed by the Congress, which compelled manufacturers to improve passenger’s safety, driver’s visibility, braking of cars and also, manufacturers had to inform the public upon when cars had to be recalled. The trigger for passing this safety act was Ralph Nadar’s 1965 novel, Unsafe at any speed: The Designed – in Dangers of the American Automobile. The only concern was not about safety but also about the environment, even before the oil crisis. In 1965, the Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act was passed, which was the first act to set standards for pollution caused by automobiles. Later, in 1970s, the Congress passed the Clean Air Act which required a 90% decrease in automobile emission within the next six years. These laws have been strengthen recently to decrease the level of emission in the environment (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). The oil crisis in the 1970s caused the Congress to pass the Energy Policy and Conservation Act which required automobiles to meet a certain mileage per gallon, that is, a standard of 20mpg for the 1980 model and 27. 5mpg for the 1985 model. Subsequently the Intermodal Surface Transportation act was passed in 1992 which required the installation of front airbags in automobiles (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). 3. 2 The Industry Porters’ Five Model In this section, we analyze the Buyers’ Power, Suppliers’ Power, Threats of New Entrants, Threat of Substitutes and The Industry Rivalry in the automobile sector. 3. 2. 1 Buyer’s Power Moderate The worldwide trend for buyer’s power of car is low. This is because having a car is nowadays perceived not as a luxury but it is more a must for people. Therefore people do not have much option and are more likely to buy a car (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). However, which car to buy varies from people to people and from country to country. Toyota is seen as the bestselling car over the world and it is the largest car manufacturer. In the United States, the bestselling car is Toyota. Ford is the fourth largest bestselling car in America (Edgerton 2010). In Australia, people who prefer luxury cars opt for BMW, Mercedes and Audi while BMW is the most preferred choice of luxury cars in Australia (Audi No Threat 2007). Ford’s reputation in the Australian market is increasing. This is because Ford is investing significantly to meet customers’ requirements. Additionally, as Ford is going for intense innovation in order to provide its customers with higher safety kits and comfort, it has been able to increase its market share by 14 percent. Moreover, analysts highlight that the new Ford Focus which is expected to enter the Australian market in the third quarter of 2011 is being impatiently awaited by car dealers and car resellers (Ford Defend Focus 2010). Therefore it can be said that Ford has a moderate buyer power as it has loyal customers. At the same time, the brand reputation of Ford is increasing. 3. 2. 2 Suppliers’ Power Low Ford Motor Company has a network of Aligned Business Framework (ABF) with forty-six productions and nineteen non-productions suppliers. Ford has entered into a network with these suppliers to reduce suppliers’ power. Ford and its suppliers work together to create value for customers. Additionally, the ABF agreement will help the suppliers in the network to strengthen collaboration and develop a sustainable business model to drive mutual profitability and technology development (Fact Sheet: Ford’s Family of Strategic Suppliers 2008). Moreover, Ford Motor Company has rewarding system which rewards its suppliers for good performance. For example, one supplier of Ford Motor Company is The Global Suppliers. Global Suppliers was rewarded by Ford for strong performance in 2010. Those suppliers who help to create higher customer value are rewarded because Mr Alan Mullaly, Ford President and CEO, said that suppliers high performance is crucial for the company to progress. He stated that â€Å"We made tremendous progress on the One Ford plan in 2010 and the partnership with our suppliers was absolutely critical in making that happen† (Ford Honors Global Supplier for Strong Performance in 2010 2011). Therefore it can be said that Ford suppliers power is low as it has entered into a strategic network with its suppliers for the purpose of creating value for its customers. . 2. 3 Threat of New Entrants Low The presence of new firms in an industry may force prices down and put pressure on profits. There are, however, barriers to entry that tend to protect established firms. One would expect the production of automobiles to require significant economies of scale, an important barrier to entry. The new entrant would have to achieve substantial market share to reach minimum efficient scale, and if it does not, it may be at a significant cost disadvantage. While the evidence suggests that economies of scale in the auto industry are substantial, there are also indications that large size may not be as important as commonly assumed. Nevertheless, entry would represent a large capital investment to any new firm and the body of research still indicates that economies of scale represent a substantial barrier to entry (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). Consequently, entry is currently a weak threat to profitability. 3. 2. 4 Threat of Substitutes – Slightly Moderate While five-forces do not directly consider demand, it does consider two factors that influences demand ? substitutes and complements. Although new cars generally are slightly price elastic, suggesting few real substitutes (e. g. , bus and rapid transit), the demand for a particular model is highly sensitive to price because of the availability of close substitutes for a given model. A change in the price of a complementary product (e. g. , gasoline, batteries, and tires) could have a significant impact on the demand for automobiles. The rising price of gas, an important complementary product, is likely to affect some firms more than others depending upon the vehicle composition. Recent rising fuel prices are likely to have a greater impact on the big three (GM, Ford Motor and Daimler-Chrysler) whose most profitable models are energy inefficient pick-up trucks and sports utility vehicles (Automotive Industry Analysis – GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda 2011). On balance, the overall impact on industry profitability from substitutes and complements is weak to moderate. 3. 2. Industry Rivalry High The automobile industry is an oligopoly and companies in the industry are, to a large extent, able to determine the industry prices. As the industry is not fragmented and companies don’t indulge in price wars the industry have better opportunities to grow (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). The competitors in the global automobile industry are facing the recession repercussions and their competing power has reduced giving new entrants from developing nations an opportunity to enter foreign markets more easily. In the early 2000 the US automobile manufacturers to some extent, were able to intensify competition because of the demand for the light trucks by American consumers, which was also compounded because of the low oil prices in the US. But in early 2008, oil prices increased and the customers switched to fuel-efficient cars made by foreign companies and even after the oil prices fell the perception that the oil prices would go up after economic recovery has taken hold and the demand for the American SUVs has remained low (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). However, demand in developing nations has been growing and this provides the auto manufacturers in the US an opportunity to expand to newer foreign markets (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). The cost conditions also affected the competition in the US. Auto manufacturers have high fixed costs and when the demand declined their sales fell below breakeven levels increasing the losses (World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects 2009). These factors also created high exit barriers, the companies are locked into an unprofitable industry where overall demand is declining and there is excess productive capacity. This has increased the intensity of rivalry. 4. 0 The Internal Environment In this section, we use the value chain analysis and we analyze the core competencies of Ford Motor Company to understand its operation. We also come up with a SWOT analysis and it was included in the appendix. 4. 1 The Value Chain Analysis 4. 1. 1 Primary activities 4. 1. 1. 1 Inbound Logistics Currently, all regional Ford motor companies, manages their inbound activities through the use through an information system called the extended warehouse management system with the assistance of SAP and Deloitte (Deliotte 2010). The system encompasses all the inbound logistics such as inbound delivery processing, put away location determination, quality management, return from vendor, goods receipt, put away and return from dealer (Deliotte 2010). As a result, inventory control becomes easier by using the just in time system. 4. 1. 1. 2 Operations The organization has embarked on sustainable manufacturing practices to address environment issues such as efficient energy use, waste management and their carbon emissions. Ford Motor is restructuring all its assembly plants around the globe to a flexible manufacturing system, to assemble different vehicles models on the same plant. This will help to gain efficiency and meet customer’s ever changing demand. Most of the US assembly plants have already been changed up to now. However over the past decade, the production of the small cars is not profitable due to the increasing production cost and manufacturing expenses. Ford has also developed a new program development to develop new car in a smaller lapse of time in 8 to 14 months. 4. . 1. 3 Outbound logistics/ Service Ford Motor Company has appointed dealers around the globe to manage their outbound logistics. However over the last 6 years, the company noticed that it has an overcapacity of dealers to represent their product. Therefore, the management of the company has reduced their dealer network by 14% to strategically align with the market share for sustainable profits. In addition, the Fordà ¢â‚¬â„¢s dealers provide customer service in terms of after-sale support, maintenance of vehicles and sale of spares parts. 4. 1. 1. 4 Marketing and sales Ford Motor Company has a wide presences and distribution network in the following geographical region: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, Africa, and Caribbean. At the outset of promoting new product designs, Ford attractive packages to their potential clients such as technological gadgets. Further to this, the company offer discount offer and financing options to the buyer. However, the downturn in their financial performance and that of their dealers, are limiting their ability to provide fully these financing facilities. Besides, the company attempts to increase their sales and improve their brand image by marketing their product in the media and participating in car exhibition 4. 1. 2 Secondary activities 4. 1. 2. 1 Organizational Infrastructure Ford’s organizational structure is very complex and bureaucratic. It comprised of a six layers management. As a result, implementation for changes in the organisation will take considerable amount of time. In addition, Ford’s family members in top management level have most decision making power and influence in the company. . 1. 2. 2 Human Resource Management The motor company strategically aligns its global human resource management activities towards the same goal through the â€Å"ONE Ford† program, for the success of the whole Ford team. The management of the company invest massively in training and development programs to develop a learning organisation as well as to strengthen the employees’ technical and leadership skill. The training programs include in-house training and web based training sessions together with mentoring and coaching programs. Ford Motor has created an internal college to cater for different types of training and development programs for all their departments and their global managers and executives. The enterprise acknowledged the benefits of a diverse workforce as part of its recruitment strategies to have a talented workforce. This diversity strategy embraces five focused areas to have a motivated workforce which are: â€Å"leading the way, fostering a respectful and inclusive environment, supporting work/life flexibility and supporting their diverse workforce and strengthening their external partnerships† (Ford Motor Company 2010). In a recent survey conducted in 2009, employees were satisfied with management. The company also ensure that it continuously promote a health and safety workplace. 4. 1. 2. 3 Technology development At Ford Motor Company, has invested massively to gear their manufacturing activities towards using a global lean production system for their product development in term of new technologies. They attempt to create superior product by using the following concepts to create superior product for customer: cross-functional integration, top-hat focused, virtual vehicle development and voice of the customer. Undeniably these ends will enable the enterprise to reduce cost of production. In addition, they use information technology in all their departments to improve their value chain. In addition, the company has invested in $14 billion in 2008 in advanced technologies to be able to provide fuel economy technologies to meet demands. 4. 1. 1. 4Procurement The automobile company developed a program called the Aligned Business Framework to conduct business with selected suppliers (Ford Motor 2010). The fundamental purpose of this program is the number production suppliers from 3300 in 2004 to 750 long term suppliers (Ford Motor 2010). The company will gain competitive advantage in terms of the cost and quality of manufacturing components when few suppliers will get large amount of purchases to assist them with their global programme. Ford used innovative information technology tool to enhance their procurement processes. The company has also form alliances and partnerships with different companies as well as with its own subsidiaries. 4. 2 Analysis of Ford’s Core Competencies To gain advantage over their competitors, Ford has several core competencies that can help them. Those core competencies might even help Ford overtake competitors such as General Motors or Japanese automakers in the automotive market industry. For instant a research conducted by the company Merrill Lynch and the Bank of America (2009) predict that due to Ford core competencies and good planning they will surely, by 2013, have higher market share than GM, Toyota, Nissan and Honda. The research predict that Ford will have a 3. 0% market share followed by Honda with 3. 0%, Toyota with 1. 0%, Nissan with 0. 5% and finally GM with -5. 0%. Beginning with Ford brand equity, According to William Clay Ford, Jr. 2010) the executive chairman at Ford Motor Company, Ford conducts many brand tracking studies in different countries. Ford brand has a strong and high recognition worldwide and this recognition is growing rapidly in countries like China, India and Indonesia. One reason this is so, is that in all those country, people can access the Ford website and see all the models that they sel l worldwide. This mean two things, first that everybody can see and buy all the models that Ford produce and this make Ford models owners in China, India and Indonesia proud because they are driving the same car as American, English and French people. The second outcome is that long ago and still today some car manufactures sell old technologies and old car models to those countries, leaving the customers frustrated and no choice than to buy out-dated models. Thus Ford has managed to create high brand equity in those countries, despite the fact that Ford does not have a strong presence there yet (Ford, 2010). In some remote countries where cars are not a popular medium of transport, people recognise and have a high esteem for the Ford brand. For example in Chile where people still pass on cars from generation to generation. Jose, Mendez, Podlech and Olave (2004) conducted a research to know the best way for Ford to have good brand equity. They found out that Ford should make an advertisement that shows the emotional bond a person have with his Ford car model rather than showing the vehicle functionalities. This shows that even if Ford is not well present in some countries they care that people have a good image about the company and Ford brand. Ford has an excellent supply chain management, which is another core competency. This is due to the fact that Ford has maintain a good standing and long-term relationship with their raw materials suppliers such as steel, glass, plastic and many more. This has allowed Ford to maintain a constant flow of raw materials coming in for production. Furthermore there logistics system allowed high coordination between the outsourced firms and this has lead in a brilliant inventory management and steady flow of automotive parts for smooth production activities. Some of the suppliers are Bosch, Hankook, Superalloy, Siemens, Sanyo, Panasonic, Pirelli, Johnson Matthey, and many more. Bosch for example deals with engines parts. Bosch is not the only supplier of Ford Motors but all Ford Motors joint ventures and associates like Mazda who benefits from the same improvement and progression found in Bosch engine parts. Moreover Ford being the first mover in the moving assembly line detained here another core competency. Ford is the pioneer of the mass production system, which later on has been copied by Mr Toyoda from Toyota. This core competency has allowed them to manufacture and deliver their product at high speed not to mention that this save time and costs in the process. Ford loss that competency when they try to buy and manage many different car manufactures at the same time in the past but recently when they sold all the other car manufacturers and focus on their core business, that is to sell Ford models they reacquired this competency. The last but not the least Ford is listening to their stakeholders namely, investors, consumers, NGOs and others in terms of a more sustainable vision. Stakeholders are more environmental conscious and believe in sustainability and made Ford aware that they need to consider environmental and social costs as genuinely as they take financial costs. As such, Ford has given enormous attention to its research and development department in terms of efficient vehicles. This can be seen in recent models of Ford were by they are more economical in fuel consumption yet powerful, smaller in size yet spacious-well design interior and less expensive yet high quality. Ford has integrated sustainable development into their planning and business enterprise measurement systems in order to achieve the sustainability vision potential. This has proved to be a good move by Ford as many investors are increasingly seeking sustainable companies and investors tend to avoid companies that have low environmental performance. This is so, as investors believe that sustainable companies have a better chance to survive over the long run. In addition to that consumers are not only searching for environmental friendly cars but more economic cars as the price of petrol is always on the rise and they find it more and more difficult to use big engine cars on a daily basis (Alan Mulally, 2010). 5. 0 Strategy Formulation To be able to develop sound strategies for Ford Motor Company, it is important that we highlight the problems Ford is facing. These problems were already mentioned in our strategic issues section. One of the most pertinent issues is the loss of the share market. Therefore, we develop our strategies in such a way that will help to counter the loss of market share. Additionally, we developed a TOWS Matrix which helped to formulate strategies based on our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. We have included the TOWS Matrix in the appendix. . 0 List of Strategies Based on the problem that Ford is currently facing, we believe that there are three strategies that might help to overcome its loss of share market. These strategies are the Financial Restructuring of Ford, Retrenchment Strategies, The Resource-Based Value Strategy and Product Differentiation. 6. 1 Financial Restructuring of Ford In 2008, Ford Motor Company was at a loss of $8. 7 billion. Nevertheless, the restruct uring of the organisation, make it reap a net income of $6. 6 billion for the financial year 2010. The enterprise’s declining financial performance is mainly because of the two main reasons, the accentuating production cost and operation expenses and decrease in demand for their product. Fierce competition in both foreign and domestic market, and the financial crisis as well as the soaring price of fuel had a negative impact on their sales and market share loss. The annual sales of Ford fell down to 31% in 2008. Currently, that is before any restructuration of the company, it has an excess capacity and duplication of their operations as they are done separately at different geographical areas. In addition the financial position of the company suffered because of their $13. 2 billion paid in 2009 to meet their obligations to give post-retirement benefits to retired employees. As a result, they have to develop a new corporate strategy to resolve the issues. 6. 2 Resource-based value Mr Henry Ford painted the Ford Model T in black only because black dries quicker than any other colour. That is the spirit that Mr Henry Ford left in the company and Ford is still using model such as the just in time management to produce its vehicles. Two or more ideas came out under the â€Å"ONE Ford† plan. â€Å"ONE Ford† plan consist of producing the same Ford model for the world market, for example the new Ford Focus will be the same in Mauritius, America, England, France etc Ford Motors has realised that instead of using different platforms for different models they can reduce the number of platforms and make it more polyvalent, that is more models can be build on only one platforms. 72% of all vehicles that are sold under the Ford brand will be build on 15 platforms by 2012. Furthermore Ford had such trust in its supplier, Johnson Matthey for example, that Ford has given the company the liberty of designing and engineering parts for the seat. This allowed Johnson to produce the seat on a global market perspective and the outcome is that Ford Motor was able to reduce the cost of seat by 40% on the new Focus. Ford has redesign and reorganise its resource- based value to make the company more efficient in building its vehicles. (Ford Motor Company 2011). 6. 3 Retrenchment Strategy Under this strategy the company will have to reduce the diversity of their operations in various around the globe. This means that the company has to undertake activities such as divestment, liquidation of assets, and withdrawal of their products in saturated market such as Europe while focusing on new emergent markets such as India and China. Further to this, they have to focus on the contraction of the operations in few assembly plants. These activities will make the company to become stable (Grant et al. 2011) while ensuring their growth. The management has to close down further the four plants that they announced in 2008 and sell their remaining four ACH plants. 6. 4 Product differentiation Ford core product in Australia is the ford falcon and ford territory which are sold in Australia as well as exported to market such as New Zealand, South Africa and Thailand. (Elly Haug 2006). Ford did not anticipate that vehicles such as the ford territory will be regarded as a polluting motor car going against the new green purchasing mind set of customers during the previous years. Another factor that goes against the Ford territory is the rising oil prices from 2005 oil crisis until now the Libya oil crisis which had made petrol prices reach record prices. This continuous increase in the prices of petrol did have consequences on the buying criteria of customers that shifted from high petrol consuming vehicles such as the ford territory to more economic cars. The combine factor which not green vehicles and high consuming vehicles make Ford surely consider changing the features of the Ford territory, for example equip the vehicle will more eco engine will help to remove the poor image of SUV such as done by Lexus for it SUV by making use of the hybrid technology. This engine also drops petrol consumption making the petrol bills for customers becoming more attractive. Ford must establish a sustainability plan to achieve continuous and innovative improvement in fuel reduction and CO 2 reduction. The Australian car market is one of the most competitive market in the world, with more than 50 brands offering over 350 models in a relative small market by global standards (Elly Haug 2006). The resulting effect of this situation is low market share per brand with a continuous decrease of locally manufactured brand such as Ford territory and falcon. The above analysis show clearly that it will be more and more difficult in the future to manufacture and sell car in Australia, Ford will have seriously to consider the option of restructuring the company by selling it production plants especially the ford territory and make use ONE Ford plan thus making small, medium and large vehicles in the car, utility and truck segments facilitated by using Ford’s world class vehicles available in all of our regions. ONE Ford plan enforces product excellence through leadership in fuel economy, innovation, quality, safety and leading edge â€Å"comfort and convenience† technology. The maintenance cost is another factor which consumers seek before purchase of a car, it thus of importance in ford product offering to consider the cost of maintenance by providing competitive price for space part and servicing at ford concession. This will enable the company to gain competitive advantages over its competitor, in an area ignore by many others company. 7. 0 Recommendation and Evaluation The different strategies we mentioned in the above section can be used to overcome the loss of market share. However, Ford should adopt the Financial Restructuring of the Organization. This is because it will help to avoid unnecessary costs. Strategic restructuring reduces financial losses, simultaneously reducing tensions between debt and equity holders to facilitate a prompt resolution of a distressed situation. Moreover, a company that has been restructured effectively will theoretically be leaner, more efficient, better organized, and better focused on its core business with a revised strategic and financial plan. It is also important that the strategic financial restructuring of Ford is done in the shortest possible delay or precisely before three months. This is because we are experiencing a dynamic business environment whereby competitors are also looking forward to capitalize on the market share. The financial restructuring will be successful only if it is implemented in the right time. 8. 0 Conclusion From our analysis, it can be said that there exist opportunities in the external environment of Ford as it has a moderate external environment. Ford also has some key competencies which might help the company to create and sustain its competitive advantage. Among the different problems that Ford has been experiencing, the most pertinent one is the loss of market share. There are different strategies that can be adopted to overcome this problem. The best strategy will be the strategic financial restructuring of the Ford Motor Company as it will help to avoid duplication of activities and will help to prepare a better financial statement report. 9. 0 Appendix 9. 1 SWOT Analysis Strength| Weakness| * Strong Brand image and equity. * Manufacturing capacity are in lined with customer demand. * Lean product development strategies at the plants. * Flexible manufacturing plants. * New product development process to reduce the development time for new vehicle. The adoption of new business structure, â€Å"One Ford† to work as a global organization. * Ford is ranked among top fourth non-luxury brands in the automobile industry. * Leading company for quality, safety and technology product. * Competence in producing fuel economy vehicle through cost-effective technology. * Balance product portfolio. * Product excellence and innovation. * Embark on susta inability projects. * Has flexible work arrangement. | * Too many suppliers for manufacturing components and there are overlapping of supplier networks. * Financial position is still dim. Low profitability for the production of small cars. * Labour constraints, including unions are reducing the company’s ability to restructure the organization. * Inefficiencies in the inventory and control process. * Operational expenses are high. * Poor financial planning and forecasting, accounting to large amount of debt. * Inability to maintain communication with all employees. * Inability to provide more benefits to employees compared to before. * Investment on other non-core assets. * Inefficient, complex and bureaucratic organisational structure with too many management layers. The members of Ford family has more power and influence in decision making power. | Opportunity | Threats| * Huge potential of investment exist in emerging economies such as Brazil, China and India. * The global economy is recovering from the recent global financial crisis. * Many governments wish to raise the living standard of their citizens. * Most economies are strengthening Intellectual Property Rights. * More emphasis being laid on greener cars. * Global demand for fuel efficient cars. * Global increasing rate of high skilled workers. * Better technologies availability. The tsunami in Japan benefits American and European car manufacturers . * Consumers want cars which reveal their personality. | * High level of rivalry in the Automobile Industry. * Trade unions are constantly fighting to safeguard employees’ interest. * Cost of labour is increasing. * Skilled employees prefers to work into different companies. * Fluctuations in exchange rates. * Environmentalists are increasing their campaign to reduce the number of cars on road. * Cultural clashes may hinder overall progress. * Natural disasters and calamities. * Suicide bombings and Terrorist attacks. 9. 2 TOWS Matrix OPPORT UNITIES| THREATS| 1. Huge potential of investment exist in emerging economies such as Brazil, China and India| 1. High level of rivalry in the Automobile Industry| 2. The global economy is recovering from the recent global financial crisis| 2. Trade unions are constantly fighting to safeguard employees’ interest| 3. Many governments wish to raise the living standard of their citizens| 3. Cost of labour is increasing| 4. Most economies are strengthening Intellectual Property Rights| 4. Skilled employees prefers to work into different companies| 5. More emphasis being laid on greener cars| 5. Fluctuations in exchange rates| 6. Global increasing demand for fuel efficient cars| 6. Environmentalists are increasing their campaign to reduce the number of cars on road| 7. Global increasing rate of high skilled workers| 7. Cultural clashes may hinder overall progress| 8. Better technologies availability| 8. Natural disasters and calamities| 9. The tsunami in Japan benefits American and European car manufacturers | 9. Suicide bombings and Terrorist attacks| 10. Consumers want cars which reveal their personality| | | | | S1+O1: Using the strong brand image, establish in the emerging economiessuch as Brazil, China and India| S1/S8/S11+T1: Using and maintaining the good image and product quality of the company, can lead to ford surviving and making profitsin the industry| S10/S12+O5: Introduce greener cars to the balance product portfolio| S6+T7: Employees will be acquainted to the culture of One ford of the company, seeking to enhance th e performanceof workers working together| S8/S11+O8: Constant innovation and using the better technologies available to gain competitive edge. S4/S13+T2: Owing to the flexible manufacturing plant and work arrangement, employees interest will be safeguarded, reducing the risk of disagreement with trade unions| S1/S8+O9: Using the strong reputaion, exploit the advantages of american car manufacturers due to the tsnami in Japan. | S8+O4: Skilled employees would be keen to work for Ford as the company is deemed as a highly reputed one and employees can make career advancements| STRENGHTHS| 1. Strong Brand image and equity| 2. Manufacturing capacity are in lined with customer demand| 3. Lean product development strategies at the plants| 4. Flexible manufacturing plants| 5. New product development process to reduce the development time for new vehicle| 6. The adoption of new business structure, â€Å"One Ford† to work as a global organisation| 7. Ford is ranked among top fourth non-luxury brands in the automobile industry| 8. Leading company for quality, safety and technology product| 9. Competence in producing fuel economy vehicle hrough cost-effective technology| 10. Balance product portfolio| 11. Product excellence and innovation | 12. Embark on sustainability projects| 13. Has flexible work arrangement| | | | WEAKNESSES| 1. Too many suppliers for manufacturing components and there are overlapping of supplier networks| 2. Financial position is still dim| 3. Low profitability for the production of small cars| 4. Labour constraints, including unions are reducing the company’s ability to restr ucture the organisation| 5. Inefficiencies in the inventory and control process| 6. Operational expenses are high| 7. Poor financial planning and forecasting, accounting to large amount of debt| 8. Inability to maintain communication with all employees| 9. Inability to provide more benefits to employees compared to before| 10. Investment on other non-core assets| 11. Inefficient, complex and bureaucratic organisational structure with too many management layers| 12. The members of Ford family has more power and influence in decision making power | W4+O7: The global increasing rate of skilled workers can compesate for the labor constraints| W10+T8/T9: Due to uncertainties, the company can invest in other well evaluated core assets to minimize risks| W5/W6+O8: Better technologies can lead to efficient inventory management and control process, further reducin operational costs| | W3+O10: Consumers will tend not to focus on small cars, instead on those cars that will reveal their personality| | W8/W9+S8: Efficient communication channels can be established within the company as well as performance management system to better reward employees| | 0. 0 Reference List Ford Defend Focus: Ford boss claims Focus sales are â€Å"exceeding expectations†, despite slump. 2010. http://www. goauto. com. au/mellor/mellor. nsf/story2/DAA074726BEB71A7CA2577C000010E9F Audi No Threat: BMW’s true rivals in Australia are Lexus and Mercedes, not Audi: Seemann. 2007. http://www. goauto. com. au/mellor/mellor. nsf/story2/29BD68AA9B6E146DCA2 572F900097F05 Edgerton, Jerry. 2010. JD Power: New Cars that Buyers Avoid. http://moneywatch. bnet. com/spending/blog/cars-money/jd-power-new-cars-that-buyers-avoid/2016/ World Automobile Industry Challenges and Prospects. 009. International Labour Office. www. ilo. org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/te/tokyo. pdf Ford Honors Global Supplier for Strong Performance in 2010. 2011. Media Ford. Com. http://media. ford. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=34233 Fact Sheet: Ford’s Family of Strategic Suppliers. 2008. Media Ford. Com. http://media. ford. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=28880 Automotive Industry Analysis – GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda. 2011. Academic Mind. http://www. academicmind. com/unpublishedpapers/business/management/2004-11-000aaa-automotive-industry-analysis. html

Astronomy essays

Astronomy essays #1) (A) Issac Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies attracted to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the further apart these two attracting bodies are from each other, the less the gravitational force between them is. The force of gravity depends on the product of the mass of the two attracting bodies. If the distance between the two bodies doubles, the force between them becomes one quarter of the force it was before. The Law of Universal Gravitation is vital because it mathematically proves Keplers Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The Planets follow the same laws of motion as objects on the surface of the earth. (B) Newton discovered other types of orbits that have circular of elliptical paths. However, if the velocity of an orbiting body were increased, its orbital path would change to a parabola or hyperbola and it would escape the gravitational pull of the sun. It would then leave the solar system. Parabolas are the orbital paths of objects in the form of an open curve. If one cuts out an angle in a circular cone, it would follow this path parallel to the sides of the cone. Hyperbolas occur when a plane cuts across two parallels half-cones. Keplers laws applies to any situation where two bodies in the universe orbit each other due to their mutual gravitational attraction, not just two planets. For example: Moons that orbit planets, such as the four Galilean Moons that orbit Jupiter. #2)(A) The reflecting telescope, which uses a mirror to attract light was perfected by Isaac Newton in 1668 although it was developed by John Gregory in 1663. The refracting telescope, which uses a lens to attract light was developed by a Dutch optician in 1608 named Hans Lippershey. Two other inventors were Zacharias Jannssen and Jacob Metius. However, Galil...

The politics of deficits, surpluses, borrowing and debt Essay - 1

The politics of deficits, surpluses, borrowing and debt - Essay Example A diverse empirical literature is provided by research based on industry level-data [Rajan and Zingales 1998; Wurgler 2000], time-series research [Neusser and Kugler 1998; Rousseau and Wachtel 1998, 2000], and econometric investigations that use panel techniques [Beck, Levine, and Loayza, 2000] supports the view that financial systems are essential for economic growth. While a strong relationship exists how sound and well-functioning financial markets impact economic growth, Beck et al raise a critical question: ‘How did some countries develop well-functioning financial systems, while others did not? Why do some countries have particular laws and enforcement mechanisms that support the operation of free, competitive financial markets, while others do not?’ (2001, p.2). Particularly, why do some countries post huge budget surplus amounts while other states suffer prolonged effects of massive budget deficits? According to Petersen (1999), governments face the fundamental issue of using credit and raising funds in the present that will be repaid in the future with interest, a cost just like any other economic choice. Governments usually borrow in order to finance deficits (easier than to raise taxes), stabilize the economy in the short term and invest in productive infrastructure and economy upskilling in the long-term. Foreign borrowing allows a country to invest and consume beyond the limits of current domestic production and, in effect, finance capital formation not only by mobilizing domestic savings but also by tapping savings from capital surplus countries (Narayanan 2002). Petersen notes that national governments face more options in this regard because it has control over the money supply as well as the operation of the banking system and credit markets than its local counterparts but argues that the more open that national economies have developed, â€Å"the more even those opti ons are curbed by the workings of the international economy†

Advantages and Disadvantages to Kraft Foods Case Study

Advantages and Disadvantages to Kraft Foods - Case Study Example Therefore, if Kraft Foods starts producing healthier products, it will establish positive relationships with different stakeholders. The move will also depict that the company is committed to corporate social responsibility (Lussier 2008, p. 223). On the other hand, the company is likely to lose some of its customers because the new versions of chocolate will have a different taste. Notably, the esteemed customers of the company have been consuming its products because of their unique taste. However, lowering the calorific value of the chocolate versions will alter the product taste. Many customers may not like the new taste. The company will also incur new costs in production. Worth noting is the fact that the company will need to source ingredients that will be used in the production of lower-calorie chocolates. In addition, the company will need to spend on advertising and promotion strategies in order to introduce the new versions into the market. In my opinion, the UK government is likely to introduce legislation that will require taxation of high-fat food products like chocolate. Since the government has experienced the financial burden resulting from medical costs associated with the high morbidity cases resulting from obesity, it is likely to take new measures. The government is also concerned about the health of children and adolescents who are more affected by high-fat food products such as chocolate bars. Therefore, there are higher chances that the government will intervene (Lussier 2008, p. 223). Denmark repealed its fat-tax law after the realization that it contributed to increased consumer prices for the high-fat products. The tax did not motivate companies to produce healthier products. On the contrary, the tax law increased consumer prices, and the consumers had to bear the financial burden.

Third version of Parents Essay Example for Free

Third version of Parents Essay Birth place of parents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both my mother and father were born and brought up in India. My father finished Physical Therapy when he was only nineteen years old, and soon after, he took up a job in Norway. Later on he moved to the USA, got married and settled down in South Florida. Traits of my father.—Intelligence, honesty, integrity, love for the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     My father is a very intelligent and knowledgeable man He is a very sincere and hard working man and looks for perfection in any job that he undertakes.    .He has conservative family values and never seeks fun and recreation without his family. He is a very honest person and is straightforward. He never goes out to social gatherings without my mother and they are always seen together. My parents have been happily married for nearly twenty five years and make an ideal couple. Traits of my mother—Extrovert by nature, helpfulness, sensitivity, light-heartedness., expertise in public speaking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  My mother is a very fun-loving and out-going person. She does a lot for the community and organizes   six   to seven events a year, in her Indian Community Association. She possesses great interpersonal skills and is also good at public speaking .She can convincingly talk to a crowd without any hesitation and reservation. She is a wonderful home maker.   She loves music and dancing and is also a good orator. Traits that I inherit from my father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have inherited the family values of my father and would stretch myself for family and friends. Patience is another trait that I am proud to have imbibed from him. Diligence to duty is the foremost characteristic of my father and I too never shy away from hard work. I am very hard working like my father and give my maximum effort to anything that I undertake. I am also abreast with what is going on in spheres that are relevant to my education and future career and my father is responsible for my interest in commercial business news. Traits that I inherit from my mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  I have inherited the same leadership qualities, organizing capability, oratory and dancing skills of my mother. My mother is the root cause of my aptitude to public speaking and I can lead a team, organize events and coordinate efficiently .I have also imbibed the proper balance between duties and hobbies in my routine. I am nimble on my feet and this dancing skill has been handed down to me by my mother. Like her, I too love to drive cars fast. .Rapport with my parents   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  I have a great rapport with both my father and mother though I am closer to my mother. The topics of discussion vary. I look up to my father for advice in serious matters, and discussions are restricted to cars, college, business, education and the like With my mother I am more comfortable with emotional problems and can discuss anything under the sun. It can be either be a light-hearted sharing of jokes, holidays, a birthday present, or a tough question paper, an unexpected silly mistake in my Math exam, or a silly argument with my friend.   There is not one problem that I cannot confide in her and seek her intuitive emotional support.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The absolute intellectual rapport that exists between my father and me and the emotional closeness with my mother provide a very good balance in me. Hobbies and interests   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     My father is a good reader. His interests are in world affairs, economy and the financial markets. There is not a day when he would miss reading a newspaper or listening to news telecast. He knows the nuances of business , industry, , fluctuations in stock indices, emerging economies, global trends, growth prospects of different sectors, political trends, and so on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My mother loves reading, music, and participation in social events. She loves to listen to all kinds of music. She is the president of a local Indian Community Association. She has been successful in organizing events because she knows what kinds of competitions and events would interest her friends in the community. She is a perfect coordinator and her friends look up to her for her innovative ideas in social gatherings.     She is quite popular and her name has been published a in the local section of the news papers. Her other interests include car driving. She loves to drive cars and is excited when the speedometer shoots up.

Scarlet Letters Use Of Symbolism To Show Psychological Effects Of Sin :: essays research papers

"The act†¦gross and brief, and brings loathing after it." This was said by St. Augustine, regarding immorality. This is discovered to be very true by the main characters in The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne's story of a woman (Hester) who lives with the Puritans and commits adultery with the local minister (Dimmesdale). In his novel, Hawthorne shows that sin, known or unknown to the community, isolates a person from their community and from God. He shows us this by symbols in nature around the town, natural symbols in the heavens, and nature in the forest. First we see two symbols in the town that show how sin isolates people. In the first chapter we see a plant which stands out, "But on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered†¦ with its delicate gems" (Hawthorne, 46). This rosebush is like Hester, for it too stands out as wild and different. She wears her scarlet letter among the solemnly dressed Puritans as this rosebush wears its scarlet blossoms amidst a small plot of grass and weeds. They both stand separate from their surroundings. Later in the book we hear a conversation between Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth (Hester's unknown husband). They are discussing the origin of a strange dark plant that Chillingworth discovered. "I found them growing on a grave which bore no tombstone, nor other memorial of the dead man, save these ugly weeds that have taken upon themselves to keep him in remembrance. They grew out of his heart, and typify†¦some hideous secret that was buried with him†¦" (Hawthorne, 127). Here we have a special case of one who was not discovered by men to have sinned during their lifetime. However, having avoided punishment in life, this person has been isolated in death. This person tried to keep wrongdoing a secret, hiding it within himself. Yet the sins committed could not be kept secret, evidenced by their final disclosure shortly after death. There remains nothing honorable to show where this person lies, but rather mutant weeds that grew out of the blackness of the person's heart. The final resting place of the wrongdoer has now been separated from other graves as the sins are manifested by natural powers. The next area is symbols in the skies. Our first instance occurs during the second famous scaffold scene. Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl are atop the scaffold when, "a light gleamed far and wide over all the muffled sky.

Relationship Between Satisfaction with Life To Social Network Size Essay

Abstract     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dilemma in society are how to pursue pleasure or a source of happiness. The effect that society has on a individual leaves them oblivious to the source of gratitude. Simple acts of kindness are akin to the source of what people find most important.   The data that was used to answers the personal questions that were designed to determine the statistical source of the personality type.   The attributes of a personality type that contribute to the situation are statistically proven. The personality types that become involved with others individuals find themselves in a similar situation.   The relevance of the importance topic pertains to the effect on the individuals and those that they involve.   The information will help develop the future behavior that is attributed to kindness. Research that could have an effect on the ability to continue with the conscious habits of appreciation.   The natural tendencies of people as they seek satisfaction in life should always be aware of how their surroundings affect their neighbors. Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The personality types that are inclined to be involved in efforts that are for the greater good.   The studies that have tract the ability of a mind and its efforts to involve the humanitarian efforts through conscious efforts or non- conscious habits.   The ideology that is strived for as the various mindsets that are guided in the practicality of gratitude, in every facet of existence.   There are different mindset that are attributed to their expected outcome of a situation.   It has been studied that there are few rational that can explain the motivations of an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every individual can be categorized as their physical descriptions eliminate the possibilities.   The methods that are used to determine the psychological profile of the individual also is categorically determined.   The determination of the personality types is commonly referred to as the Big Five.   This offer the determination of the extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.   These characteristics that are used to determine the tendencies of an individual are often seen in their persona or attitude.   Every individual was aware of their participation and the data that was to be collected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research that has been accumulated has a further understanding of the motivation that allows others to be assisted   by their physical determinations. The further science can be explained as to the reasons of or what creates gratitude, the quicker a mind can be assisted in realizing another perspective.   At the conclusion of a study the   participants were realizing that their behaviors were measured only for data; however, the conscious decision to include this new behavior in their own life is a personal choice. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The objectives that have been stated throughout the research was to determine the reasons for gratitude and the motivation that leads one to involve it in their lifestyle.   A publication by Health Psychology was used to determine the scale of dispositional optimism. The efforts that are needed in society can be developed by having the conscious mindset that is conducive to the philanthropic contribution.   Those that seek the emotional effect that it has on their life is directly linked to the gratitude that they exhort in common situations. The recent efforts to examine the problems that are linked to the lack of social awareness or concerns that are a direct correlation to the efforts of any individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The triangulation of the tendencies that are to be a desired behavior in society and its resulting actions.   The surveys that was conducted in 1985, pertained to life’s orientation of how it was used to determine the optimism and expectancy.(SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) Questionnaire was regularly   handed out in efforts to ascertain the need of self consciousness.   The health concerns that related to the survey were between the related theories and the orientation of the scale. The different tests have been previously designed by other psychologists.   The most important test was the designed by Saucer.   It is used to determine the psychological scale known as the Big 5. It categorizes the personality types such as extrovert or introverts and their interactions.   This enabled the team of Belk and Richin to use their materialism tests to determine the scale.   The Belk version is used to measure the pro-sociality and the levels of gratitude.  Ã‚   It assists in determining the life satisfaction, envy, perspective- taking, and spiritual transcendence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similar in design; however, the Richin material test is used calculate the success and happiness.   McCollogh published an article in 2001 that proposed several directions for future research on gratitude that included psychometrics.   The effect of gratitude has motivated the returning of the act.   It presented several issues that had to be answered.   Others that contributed to the research were P.C. Ellsworht and C.A. Smith.   The article- Shades of Joy: Patterns of Appraisal- differentiate pleasant emotions shared in their research that the adjective of loving, grateful, friendly, and admirer had a structure that was a trifold cluster of the satisfaction of the senses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The remaining data that had to be contributed was primarily used to support the research that already been completed.   Butler’s research, 3 studies in 4 years, were all pertaining to the structural equation stated that the one factor solution for the six retaining items were assessed.   It was used to determine the statistics of processing that information in a standardized square. Increasing the likelihood of finding the adequate parameters.   Those various tests were designed to determine the accurate measurement.   The variable tests that are used to compile the data. Thus the information that has been processed through those test is accurate enough to determine the weaknesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concerning that are the three psychological domains are : 1) emotional as the primary concern is the well being   2)social interaction  Ã‚   3)spirituality and religion , all of these have a direct influence into the development of gratitude.   (McCullough et al., 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those that involve themselves have a mentality more empathetic, forgiving, helpful, and supportive.   All those characteristics are trademarks of a productive individual or a conducive environment.   The emotions that one feels is often due to the requirement of those that the individual surrounds themselves.   The people that are noticed by their gaps in their emotional well being are those that need to be aware of their social and spiritual priorities.   According Emmons and Tsung, the trait that are classified by the Big Five (John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) can be categorized as an individual that is grateful as more extraverted, more agreeable, and less neurotic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gratefulness as the generic term is applied to many aspects of the mind.   Emotions, disposition, and attributes of an individual all contribute to the person’s willingness or non-conscious efforts in what is considered volunteer work.   The compassion that is conducive to many of the situations that are needed for others to appreciate what is accomplished.   The premise or higher ideology is considered spiritual. Methods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those that were involved in developing the study were following the guidelines that are designed to keep the data resources non bias. The participants were 91 students, 23 male (25.3%), 68 female (74.7%) enrolled in Research Method in Psychology class at the California State University, Fullerton. The demographics were reflective of the populous and the involvement was voluntary. These participants range from 19 years old to 46 years old. The demographics are categorized in the Table 1.   The second study involved 1228 adult volunteers. The majority were women and almost 90% were Caucasian. All of these participants were involved with spirituality and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To conduct this research participants were ask to complete a questionnaire, which was used to determine demographics and how it affected the tests, PANAS (Watson, Clark, Tellegen), Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, Lepper), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin), Gratitude questionnaire (McCullough, Emmons), Tendency to Forgive Scale (Brown), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg), Life Orientation Test (Scheier), Lubben Social Network Scale (Lubben) and Big Five Inventory Scale (John, Donahue, Kentle). Each participant received a questionnaire that had a description of the study and instructions. The participants were asked to provide some cursory information indicating their gender, age, level of education, and language preference. The PANAS was designed so that the individuals words would describe their different feelings and emotions. The participants were asked to indicate to what extent they have felt each feeling or emotion listed in the past two weeks at the time of the survey. A scale of 1-5 (very slightly or not at all, a little, moderately, quite a bit, extremely) was used to record their answers. The Subjective Happiness   and Satisfaction Life Scale consists of questions to rate how happy the participants perceive themselves to be on a sliding scale.  Ã‚   The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a measure of life’s satisfactions and how they developed by Ed Diener and colleagues (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). Life satisfaction is one factor that is more of a general construct than a subject that pertains to well being. Theory and research from fields outside of rehabilitation have suggested that subjective well being has at least three components, positive affective appraisal, negative affective appraisal, and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction is distinguished from affective appraisal in that it is more cognitively than emotionally driven. Life satisfaction can be assessed specific to a particular domain of life or globally. The SWLS is a global measure of life satisfaction (Corrigan, 2000). The Life Orientation Test rates how optimistic or pessimistic the participants are in the Lubben social networking which consists of similarly designed questions that involved all aspects of the individuals life. The importance of social ties in the lives of older people has becoming increasingly recognized as strong associations have been consistently found between social support networks for physical and mental health. The Big Five inventory consists of a number of characteristics that may or may not apply to participants. (McCullough et al, 5) The participants were asked to rate the applicability of each characteristic to themselves in a scale of 1-5.   The factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN) or from the Five Factor Model (FFM). This consists of the following 5 factors: urgency, agreeableness, dependability, emotional stability, and culture. Each factor consists of a number of more specific traits. For example, extraversion includes such related qualities as sociability, excitement seeking, and positive emotions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questionnaires were handed out to all participants in the classroom of research method in psychology at the California State University, Fullerton. Participants were given instructions as a group and were told that participation in this study would be anonymous. It was also stated that they may choose to participate and could withdraw at anytime. The whole session took about 15-30 minutes. Participants were provided informed consent and debriefing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This effort was similar to previous efforts to compile a thorough report that supported the thesis of generosity and the appreciative nature.   The information compiled and addressed several important fundamental aspects of life.         The three studies showed that all indications of a grateful disposition is social desirable.   The data that was used contained self reports examined and how it ranked.   Next, the disposition was calculated from life’s satisfaction of vitality, happiness, hope, and optimism.    The response were then empirically calculated.   Third step was determining the lower order traits that contained the emotions pertaining to well being, willingness, and spirituality aspects that pertain to life and the coping mechanisms that can disable the ability to consciously be thankful and helpful.   The last steps involved bringing the personality traits that are determined by the Big Five and the common association that are in sync or are agreeable. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of previous efforts and the most recent data provided support the thesis. The measures of affectivity and life satisfaction in all areas that were tested are conducted to determine the next course of action for testing and retesting as for accuracy.   The information that is issued and used to understand the importance of life satisfactions, vitality, subjective happiness, optimism, and hope. It is to understand these simple concepts that the affectivity and life satisfaction was determined with positive and negative affects that would influence the psychological symptoms.   This includes the variable that resulted in understanding prosociality.   The disposition with empathy and social desirability were used to validate the believe that the spirituality and religiousness would have supported any concept of what and why people are appreciative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of the first study that involved the information gathered from the Big Five assessment and variable ranking scale of a certain â€Å"idea† or ideal. The analysis that was used to calculate the self report and the measure of affectivity and life situation with the greatest weight.   This was closely supported by the remaining questions and their assessment as it was placed through the structural equation model.   The statistical equation determined the validity of each section as it is compared. A t-test was conducted to determine whether or not there are social sizes difference in satification with life for people with optimism, and conscientiousness. The results those showed that smaller social network size (mean=4.10) were significantly less satisfied compared to those with life larger social network size (mean=5.05; t(89)= -3.79, p.001). The result showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the Satisfaction with life and the Optimism (r=.54, p.001), there was a strong positive correlation between conscientiousness and satification with life (r=.22, p.04).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effect on an individual’s answer is the influenced by their interaction in certain situations.   The factor that are used to determine the type of person that is in a situation that are agreeable, conscientious, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness.   The types of individuals that one associates with fall into four categories – friend, relative, romantic partners, and coworker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results of a variable of 39 questions statistically check and recheck so that the validity would be accurate.   When determining the optimism of how the â€Å"Big Five† personality effectors are involved.   It was used to the one factor system of gratitude and vitality. Using the two factor solution fit better as the correlation factors were at r=.46, p